^ McCaul TF, Williams JC (September 1981)."Bacterial cell division: the mechanism and its precision". ^ Harry E, Monahan L, Thompson L (2006).In: Baron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). ^ a b c d Zapun A, Vernet T, Pinho MG (March 2008).17 - Streptococcus and Related Cocci (Fifth ed.). "Diagnostic Procedure in Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology". Ferdinand Cohn – gave first named shapes of bacteria. Researchers discovered a protein that allows the bacterium Vibrio cholerae to morph into a corkscrew shape that likely helps it twist into - and then escape - the protective mucus that lines the inside of the gut. Bacteria-caused illnesses hinge on the bacteria’s physiology and their ability to interact with their environment, including the ability to shapeshift. Spiral bacteria can be sub-classified as spirilla, spirochetes, or vibrios based on the number of twists per cell, cell thickness, cell flexibility, and motility.īacteria are known to evolve specific traits to survive in their ideal environment. Spiral bacteria are another major bacterial cell morphology. Acinetobacter strains may grow on solid media as coccobacilli.Ĭoxiella burnetti is also a coccobacillus. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a gram negative coccobacillus which is prevalent in subgingival plaques. Haemophilus influenzae and Chlamydia trachomatis are coccobacilli. Coccobacilli rods are so short and wide that they resemble cocci. The word coccobacillus reflects an intermediate shape between coccus (spherical) and bacillus (elongated). Ĭoccobacillus Coxiella burnetii ( TEM)Ī coccobacillus (plural coccobacilli) is a type of rod-shaped bacteria. Streptobacilli: Bacilli arranged in chains.Diplobacilli: Two bacilli arranged side by side with each other. There is no connection between the shape of a bacterium and its colors in the Gram staining.īacilli usually divide in the same plane and are solitary, but can combine to form diplobacilli, streptobacilli, and palisades. Although Bacillus, capitalized and italicized, specifically refers to the genus, the word bacillus (plural bacilli) may also be used to describe any rod-shaped bacterium, and in this sense, bacilli are found in many different taxonomic groups of bacteria. Staphylococcus spp.)Ī bacillus (plural bacilli) is a rod-shaped bacterium. groups of four or eight known respectively as tetrads and sarcina (e.g.Arrangements Ĭoccoid bacteria often occur in characteristic arrangements and these forms have specific names as well listed here are the basic forms as well as representative bacterial genera: Important human diseases caused by coccoid bacteria include staphylococcal infections, some types of food poisoning, some urinary tract infections, toxic shock syndrome, gonorrhea, as well as some forms of meningitis, throat infections, pneumonias, and sinusitis. This is the first of many taxonomic traits for identifying and classifying a bacterium according to binomial nomenclature. Describing a bacterium as a coccus, or sphere, distinguishes it from bacillus, or rod. Other arrangements include pairs, tetrads, clusters, chains and palisades.Ĭoccus Arrangement of cocci bacteria : Staphylococcus bacteriaĪ coccus (plural cocci, from the Latin coccinus (scarlet) and derived from the Greek kokkos (berry)) is any microorganism (usually bacteria) whose overall shape is spherical or nearly spherical. But, there are also other morphologies such as helically twisted cylinders (example Spirochetes), cylinders curved in one plane (selenomonads) and unusual morphologies (the square, flat box-shaped cells of the Archaean genus Haloquadratum). Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped (bacillus). Their direct examination under the light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria and archaea. Bacteria display a large diversity of cell morphologies and arrangementsīacterial cellular morphologies are morphologies that are characteristic of various types bacteria and often a key factor in identifying bacteria species.
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